f the level of domestic political
repression in Vladimir Putin’s Russia has not yet reached the scale of
that in the Soviet Union—though several dozen Russian political
prisoners are being held behind bars on fabricated charges—the level of
officially sanctioned anti-Western agitation, and anti-Americanism in
particular, is certainly comparable to the worst years of the Cold War.
Hardly a day goes by without hate-filled reports on state television.
Regime officials and senior legislators angrily accuse the United States
of “interfering in Russia’s internal affairs” through its supposed
proxies inside the country, by which they, of course, mean Russian human
rights groups and other nongovernmental organizations that are critical
of the Putin regime. All NGOs that receive funding from abroad are
required by a new law to label themselves as “foreign agents” (which, in
the Russian public discourse, is synonymous with “spies”) or face
closure. Needless to say, these groups have refused to comply. (How
could, for instance, Memorial, an organization co-founded by Andrei
Sakharov to perpetuate the memory of victims of political repression,
declare itself a “foreign agent”?) As a consequence, prosecutors are
conducting disruptive raids on the offices of Russia’s leading human
rights groups, which they charge with violating this law.
Kremlin propaganda holds that it is the US State Department that
organized the 2011–2012 anti-Putin rallies across Russia—the largest
pro-democracy demonstrations since 1991. Russian opposition leaders who
visit the US are accused of “treason.” Just as in Communist times, all
human rights and democracy causes are declared to be part of the West’s
“anti-Russian” agenda, and those who oppose the current regime, by
implication, are deemed to be a Western “fifth column.”
Indeed, the Kremlin stops at nothing to drive its anti-American
message. Perhaps the most heartless and cynical example of its
propaganda is the recent law banning adoptions of Russian orphans by
American citizens, which Putin called an “adequate” response to passage
by the US Congress of the Magnitsky Act, which banned corrupt Russian
officials and human rights violators from visiting or owning assets in
the United States. (The law is named after the thirty-seven-year-old
Russian lawyer Sergei Magnitsky, who was prosecuted and arrested by the
same officials he had accused of masterminding a $230 million tax fraud
scheme. He died in a Moscow prison in 2009.) As a result of Putin’s
retaliation on behalf of torturers and bribe takers, thousands of
Russian orphans—many of them gravely ill or disabled—have been denied a
second chance in life. In January, tens of thousands of Muscovites
marched through the center of the Russian capital in protest against
this measure, popularly dubbed “scoundrels’ law” and reportedly backed
personally by the president despite the objections of close advisers.
The introduction of the adoption ban was accompanied by a propaganda
offensive about how American families constantly and purposefully
mistreat their adopted Russian children. One pro-Kremlin legislator even
suggested that US families adopt Russian orphans for organ transplants,
sexual abuse, and to conscript them as cannon fodder in American wars.
There have indeed been tragic cases of adopted Russian children dying or
being killed in the US—twenty cases in the last twenty years. But
during this time, more than sixty thousand Russian orphans found
families and homes in the United States, a fact almost never heard in
the discussions of this issue on Russian state television.
As in Soviet times, anti-Americanism is an indispensable component of
the Kremlin’s domestic political agenda. Faced with a falling
popularity (according to a February poll by the respected Levada Center,
only thirty-two percent of Russians would vote for him in a
presidential election), unprecedented street protests against his rule,
an increasingly assertive civil society, and rising public awareness of
the endemic corruption and election fraud, Putin needs an “external
enemy” that is supposedly planning to “destroy Russia” in order to
present himself as a defender of the Motherland and mobilize what
remains of his public support—mostly in the regions where the Internet
is not yet widespread, and where people still rely on Kremlin-controlled
TV channels for their news.
Yet there is an important difference between the anti-Americanism of the
nomenklatura
in the Soviet era and that of Putin’s clan today. While chastising the
West and denouncing (and jailing) human rights activists for alleged
ties to foreign countries, members of the old Politburo and the Supreme
Soviet did not hold bank accounts in the Virgin Islands, own luxury
property in the US, or send children to study in England. In this, at
least, they were consistent. Their sweetest dreams were limited to
comfortable state dachas, vacations in elite Crimean sanatoria, and
access to special Communist Party stores with luxury goods and
delicatessen unavailable to most Soviet citizens.
Not so with members of the current regime. Take, for example,
Vladimir Pekhtin, one of the founding fathers of Putin’s United Russia
party, who once headed its parliamentary caucus, served as deputy
speaker, and, until recently, chaired the Duma ethics commission.
Pekhtin has cheered the abolition of direct gubernatorial elections,
praised the conviction of Mikhail Khodorkovsky—Russia’s most prominent
political prisoner, recognized by Amnesty International as a “prisoner
of conscience”—and called former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev a
“traitor” for initiating perestroika. More recently, he backed the law
labeling Russian NGOs as “foreign agents” and—fully in line with the
Kremlin’s declared “state patriotism”—supported the prohibition for
Russian officials to own property or assets abroad. Unfortunately for
Vladimir Pekhtin, property deed records in the United States are public
information, and it did not take long for Russian scientist and blogger
Andrei Zayakin, acting in cooperation with anticorruption campaigner
Alexei Navalny, to find property belonging to Pekhtin and his son in
Florida—more than $2 million worth of luxury real estate in Flamingo
South Beach, Ocean Drive (both of them in Miami Beach), and Ormond
Beach. (Owning real estate in the US is not in itself illegal—though
somewhat hypocritical for a committed Putinist—but omitting it from the
official property declarations, which Pekhtin had to file as a member of
Parliament, is.) Questions also arose as to the sources of Pekhtin’s
income, since his Duma salary would clearly be insufficient for such an
investment. In an interview with the pro-Kremlin newspaper
Izvestia,
Pekhtin insisted that he has “practically nothing” in the way of
property abroad, prompting an avalanche of sarcastic responses in the
Russian blogosphere that ranged from “Russian elections are practically
honest” to “Khodorkovsky is practically free.”
In a potent sign of the widening reach of the Internet and the
growing muscle of civil society, Pekhtin had to resign from the Duma in
the wake of the revelation, after more than thirteen years of loyal
service to Putin and his party. His name gave birth to a new term among
Russian bloggers—
pekhting, which means unearthing and publicizing the hidden assets of regime officials.
Another victim of this campaign has been the billionaire senator
Vitaly Malkin (a former business partner of Georgia’s current prime
minister, Bidzina Ivanishvili), who made headlines last year when he
came to Washington to lobby against the Magnitsky Act by posthumously
smearing Sergei Magnitsky himself. According to Valery Borshchev, a
member of Russia’s Presidential Human Rights Council, Magnitsky was
beaten to death by rubber clubs. Senator Malkin presented a different
version—in his words, Magnitsky died of pancreatitis, and was an
“unsportsmanlike” person who abused alcohol.
When he made these charges, many suspected that the Western visa ban
and asset freeze on certain Russian officials not only offended Malkin’s
sense of “patriotism” but also his personal financial interests. Sure
enough, journalists discovered a $15.6 million duplex in New York City’s
Time Warner Center that belonged to the senator’s company. But that was
not all: from 1994 to 2011, Malkin owned one hundred and eleven
condominium units in Toronto, and, by his own admission—which he made in
his application for landed immigrant status in Canada—had “business
interests” in that country. Needless to say, the Canadian property was
not disclosed on Malkin’s declarations, while business activity is
directly prohibited for members of Parliament.
The senator’s application for Canadian immigrant status was rejected
because of his association with organizations that “are known to have
engaged in a pattern of criminal activity, including money laundering.”
Following the publication of this information, Malkin resigned his seat
in the upper house because of alleged disgust at what he called “the
constant leaking of negative information.”
State Duma member Alexander Sidyakin is a different case—an avowed
America-basher when it comes to politics who makes no secret of
vacationing in the United States. Last year, the legislator spent his
summer holiday in San Francisco, and over the Christmas break, Sidyakin
traveled to New York City and Florida. As the popular Moscow newspaper
Moskovskii komsomolets
sarcastically enquired, “Where else should an implacable crusader
against . . . ‘orange revolutions’ and a Russian patriot spend his
vacation?” A “crusader” he certainly is: it was Sidyakin who introduced
two of the most notorious repressive bills signed by Putin in 2012: the
law on public rallies, which raised the maximum fines for “violations”
to 300,000 rubles ($9,500—ten times the average Russian’s monthly
salary), and the law on “foreign agents,” which, as Sidyakin boasted, he
“wrote personally.” The United Russia member has openly accused Russian
NGOs that advocate for human rights and democratic elections of “being,
in one way or another, under the [US] State Department,” because
“someone is trying to poke their snotty nose in our affairs,” and has
used the Duma rostrum to accuse Putin’s opponents of being a “fifth
column” and “instigators of mass unrest” and to stomp on a white ribbon,
the symbol of the 2011–2012 protests, which he called “a symbol of
treason, a color of an exported revolution, which foreign political
technologists are trying to impose on us.” Given his views, Sidyakin
should be congratulated on his bravery for spending his vacations in the
enemy’s den.
Western Europe is another sought-after
destination for Putin’s anti-Western “patriots.” The wife of Andrei
Isaev, a senior legislator and functionary in United Russia, owns a
hotel near Trier, Germany; the property—including both the land and the
building—is estimated to be worth some 800,000 euros ($1,040,000). The
lawmaker claims that the St. Thomas am Brunnenhof is not a hotel, but a
hostel for Russian Orthodox pilgrims (the Trier Cathedral is home to the
Holy Robe of Christ and other revered Christian relics) and that “it is
difficult to even call it a business.” Yet, for some reason, travel
websites omit the religious aspect of the hotel, emphasizing instead
that it is “located in the romantic wine-growing village of Bekond,”
that “guests can relax on the Brunnenhof’s sunbathing lawn or play in
the bowling alley,” and that “the surrounding Moselle countryside is
ideal for hiking or cycling.” In addition, the purported pilgrim’s
hostel prides itself on offering its guests “pickled ham and sausages,
schnitzels and game”—all this during Lent, when Orthodox believers are
not supposed to eat meat.
Andrei Turchak, Isaev’s United Russia colleague, has been a leading
figure in the Young Guard, the ruling party’s youth branch that
specializes in harassing the opposition. His father, Anatoly Turchak,
had been Vladimir Putin’s deputy in the St. Petersburg branch of the Our
Home Is Russia party in the 1990s. Since 2009, the junior Turchak has
served as the (Kremlin-appointed) governor of the Pskov region. Earlier
this year, Alexei Navalny, the anticorruption campaigner, discovered a
1,270,000-euro ($1,654,000) villa in Nice, France, that belongs to a
company by the name of SCI Villa De Flirey. According to official French
documents, the company was co-founded by Andrei Turchak’s wife,
brother, and father.
Perhaps the most outrageous hypocrite among all of these is Pavel
Astakhov, the Russian president’s ombudsman for children’s rights.
Astakhov, a graduate of the Higher School of the KGB and founder of the
For Putin movement, was the leading voice in the Kremlin’s campaign to
ban adoptions of Russian orphans by US citizens. He has systematically
accused American parents of abusing their adopted Russian children; has
urged the public “not to make a tragedy” of the several dozen cases of
orphans who have already bonded with their prospective adoptive US
parents, but will now be unable to join them because of the law; and has
called for prohibiting adoptions of Russian children by all foreign
citizens. But while feigning concern for Russian children, Astakhov has
made sure that his own youngest son was born in France, and that his
oldest son studied in Great Britain and the United States. Astakhov
reportedly owns a luxurious villa on the Côte d’Azur. His family lives
in the south of France, where he travels, by his own admission, “almost
every weekend.” His most recent winter vacation was spent in Monte
Carlo.
As for the US, where Russian children, according to his
pronouncements, are so badly mistreated, Pavel Astakhov once considered
it his home. “I never forget that Pitt Law has become my second Alma
Mater and the United States my second motherland,” reads Astakhov’s
letter that is still available on the website of the University of
Pittsburgh School of Law, where he received his master’s degree in 2002.
“By means of my life and my personal example, I am doing my best to
strengthen our friendship and struggle for peace throughout [the]
world.”
“There is one thing I just don’t
understand about these United Russia people,” remarked opposition leader
Boris Nemtsov. “Many of them have real estate in America. Many send
their children to study there. So why are they always ranting hateful
stuff about the States? So that no one guesses that their real dream is
to stroll along [New York City’s] Fifth Avenue? So that no one thinks to
look at the online property databases for Miami and Los Angeles?”
The real problem is not that Russian lawmakers or officials own
property or bank accounts abroad—in today’s open and interconnected
world, that is no crime. Nor is dual citizenship, which Vitaly Malkin
(in his case, the dual citizenship of Russia and Israel) was accused of
having—in April 2010, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human
Rights unanimously found that the ban on dual citizens holding elected
office was both “disproportionate” and in violation of the European
Convention. The real problem is in the constant lying and concealment,
in the manifest discrepancy between the declared income and the value of
overseas “investments,” and, above all, in the hypocrisy of those who
try to instill in the Russian people a hatred for the West and for the
values of liberty and democracy, while fully enjoying the spoils of
privileged life (funded by ill-gotten gains) in these same allegedly
decadent and insidious Western countries. This flagrant hypocrisy was a
major reason why Russia’s opposition and civil society—and, indeed,
Russian public opinion—supported the US Magnitsky Act. According to a
December 2012 poll by the Levada Center, forty-four percent of Russians
backed the idea of targeted US and EU visa sanctions and asset freezes
for Russian officials who violate human rights (twenty-one percent were
against, thirty-five percent held no firm opinion). The Magnitsky Act
was the most pro-Russian law ever passed by the United States
Congress—and it is to be hoped that European Union countries will soon
follow suit. Those in Moscow who have grown accustomed to governing in
the manner of Zimbabwe or Belarus, treating Russians like third-rate
citizens who should have no rights and simultaneously opting for a
comfortable Western life for themselves and their families, will face a
choice once the era of double standards comes to an end.
Source: http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org